[i]
VIOLENCE
AND THE
LABOR MOVEMENT
[ii]
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS
ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited
LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.
TORONTO
[iii]
VIOLENCE
AND THE
LABOR MOVEMENT
BY
ROBERT HUNTER
AUTHOR OF "POVERTY," "SOCIALISTS AT WORK," ETC.
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1922
[iv]
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Copyright, 1914
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Set up and electrotyped. Published March, 1914.
FERRIS
PRINTING COMPANY
NEW YORK CITY
[v]
THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
BY THE AUTHOR TO
EUGENE V. DEBS
"ONE WHO NEVER TURNED HIS BACK BUT
MARCHED BREAST FORWARD,
NEVER DOUBTED CLOUDS WOULD BREAK,"
AND
D. DOUGLAS WILSON
WHO, THOUGH PARALYZED AND BLIND, HAS SO LONG AND
FAITHFULLY BLAZED THE TRAIL FOR LABOR
[vii]
[vii]
PREFACE
This volume is the result of some studies that I felt impelled to makewhen, about three years ago, certain sections of the labor movement inthe United States were discussing vehemently political action versusdirect action. A number of causes combined to produce a serious andcritical controversy. The Industrial Workers of the World were carryingon a lively agitation that later culminated in a series of spectacularstrikes. With ideas and methods that were not only in opposition tothose of the trade unions, but also to those of the socialist party, thenew organization sought to displace the older organizations by what itcalled the "one Big Union." There were many in the older organizationswho firmly believed in industrial unionism, and the dissensions whicharose were not so much over that question as over the antagonisticcharacter of the new movement and its advocacy here of the violentmethods employed by the revolutionary section of the French unions. Themost forceful and