For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC. 20402

Stock No. 008-070-00397-0/Catalog No. D 301,35: 161/43
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977 O—251-048

PREFACE

The purpose of this handbook is to provide Air Forcemedical personnel with a quick reference on the problemscaused by the more important venomous arthropodsfound in the United States. An attempt has been madeto include the latest information available in the scientificliterature.

The author would like to acknowledge the valuableassistance of Mr. Orville V. Anderson, USAFSAM Photographer;Captain Robert W. Clegern, USAF, BSC, MedicalEntomologist; and Lieutenant Colonel John C. Moseley,USAF, MC, Dermatologist.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

BITING/PIERCING ARTHROPODS 4

1. Black Widow Spider (Latrodectus mactans) 4

2. Brown Recluse Spider (Loxosceles reclusa) 6

3. Centipedes (Class: Chilopoda) 8

4. Conenose or Kissing Bugs (Triatoma spp.) 10

5. Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus) 12

STINGING ARTHROPODS 14

1. Ants (Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Formicidae) 14

2. Bees (Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Apidae) 17

3. Scorpions (Class: Arachnida; Order: Scorpionida) 20

4. Velvet Ants (Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Mutillidae) 22

5. Wasps (Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Vespidae) 24

URTICATING/VESICATING ARTHROPODS 26

1. Blister Beetles (Order: Coleoptera; Family: Meloidae) 26

2. Urticating Caterpillars 28

a. Io Moth Caterpillar (Automeris io) 28

b. Puss Caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis) 30

c. Saddleback Caterpillar (Sibine stimulea) 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDIX: ARTHROPOD ENVENOMIZATION REACTIONS AND TREATMENT 39

Chart 1: Antihistamines 48

Chart 2: Treatment of Anaphylaxis—Shock 49

INTRODUCTION

Although most residents of the United States are awareof the pain and discomfort associated with contacting avenomous arthropod, many are not aware that thesearthr

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