A HANDBOOK
OF
SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
BY
DR. E. WARMING
Professor of Botany in the University of Copenhagen
With a Revision of the Fungi by
DR. E. KNOBLAUCH,
Karlsruhe
Translated and Edited by
M. C. POTTER, M.A. F.L.S.
Professor of Botany in the University of Durham
College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Author of “An Elementary Text-book of Agricultural Botany”
WITH 610 ILLUSTRATIONS
London
SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO
NEW YORK: MACMILLAN & CO
1895
Butler & Tanner,
The Selwood Printing Works,
Frome, and London.
[v]
PREFACE.
The present translation of Dr. E. Warming’s Haandbog i denSystematiske Botanik is taken from the text of the 3rd DanishEdition (1892), and from Dr. Knoblauch’s German Edition (1890), andthe book has been further enriched by numerous additional notes whichhave been kindly sent to me by the author. Dr. Warming’s work has longbeen recognised as an original and important contribution to SystematicBotanical Literature, and I have only to regret that the pressureof other scientific duties has delayed its presentation to Englishreaders. Dr. Warming desires me to record his high appreciation of thecareful translation of Dr. Knoblauch, and his obligation to him for anumber of corrections and improvements of which he has made use in the3rd Danish Edition. In a few instances I have made slight additionsto the text; these, however, appear as footnotes, or are enclosed insquare brackets.
In the present Edition the Thallophytes have been revised andrearranged from notes supplied to me by Dr. Knoblauch, to whom I amindebted for the Classification of the Fungi, according to the morerecent investigations of Brefeld. The Bacteria have been revised byDr. Migula, the Florideæ rearranged after Schmitz, and the Taphrinaceæafter Sadebeck. The main body of the text of the Algæ and Fungi remainsas it was originally written by Dr. Wille and Dr. Rostrup in the DanishEdition, though in many places considerable alterations and additionshave been made. For the sake of comparison a tabular key to theClassification adopted in the Danish Edition is given in the Appendix.
In the Angiosperms I have retained the sequence of orders in the Danishoriginal, and have not rearranged them according to[vi] the systemsmore familiar to English students. In any rearrangement much of thesignificance of Dr. Warming’s valuable and original observationswould have been lost, and also from a teacher’s point of view I havefound this system of great value. Although at present it may not becompletely satisfactory, yet as an attempt to explain the mutualrelationships, development and retrogression of many of the orders, itmay be considered to have a distinct advantage over the more artificialsystems founded upon Jussieu’s Divisions of Polypetalæ, Gamopetalæ, andApetalæ.