THE PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

WITH APPLICATIONS TO PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

BY

FRANK A. FETTER, PH.D.

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND FINANCE,
CORNELL UNIVERSITY

NEW YORK
THE CENTURY CO.
1904

Copyright, 1904, by
The Century Co.

The DeVinne Press


TO THE STUDENTS
OF THREE UNIVERSITIES
—INDIANA, STANFORD, AND CORNELL—
FOR WHOM, WITH WHOM, AND BY WHOSE AID
THIS BOOK CAME TO BE WRITTEN


[Pg vii]

CONTENTS

PART I

PAGE
The Value of Material Things 1-169


DIVISION A—WANTS AND PRESENT GOODS

CHAPTER

1 The Nature and Purpose of Political Economy: Nameand Definition; Place of Economics Among the
Social Sciences; The Relation of Economics to Practical Affairs
3

2 Economic Motives: Material Wants, The PrimaryEconomic Motives; Desires for Non-material Ends,
as Secondary Economic Motives
9

3 Wealth and Welfare: The Relation of Men andMaterial Things to Economic Welfare; Some Important
Economic Concepts Connected with Wealthand Welfare
15

4 The Nature of Demand: The Comparison of Goodsin Man's Thought; Demand for Goods Grows Out
of Subjective Comparisons
21

5 Exchange in a Market: Exchange of Goods Resultingfrom Demand; Barter Under Simple Conditions;
Price in a Market
30

6 Psychic Income: Income as a Flow of Goods; Incomeas a Series of Gratifications[Pg viii] 39


DIVISION B—WEALTH AND RENT

7 Wealth and Its Direct Uses: The Grades of Relationof Indirect Goods to Gratification; Conditions of
Economic Wealth
46

8 The Renting Contract: Nature and Definition ofRent; The History of Contract Rent and Changes
in It
53

9 The Law of Diminishing Returns: Definition of theConcept of (Economic) Diminishing Returns; Other
Meanings of the Phrase "Diminishing Returns";Development of the Concept of Diminishing Returns
61

10 The Theory of Rent: The Market Value of theUsufruct: Differential Advantages in Consumption
Goods; Differential Advantages in Indirect Goods
73

11 R

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