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E-text prepared by Michael Ciesielski, Dave Macfarlane,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team



Transcriber's Note: The irregular footnote markers in this text [numbers] refer to the reference book the author used, and not always to the specific page numbers. These reference books are listed numerically at the end of each chapter. The footnotes are marked with [letters] and the referenced footnotes are contained within the text, near to the footnote marker. Therefore, occasionally the numerical footnote markers are out of sequence.







TABOO AND GENETICS

A STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL

SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL

FOUNDATION OF THE FAMILY


BY

M. M. KNIGHT, PH.D.

IVA LOWTHER PETERS, PH.D.

PHYLLIS BLANCHARD, PH.D.

Author of The Adolescent Girl


London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.


1921




DEDICATED TO
OUR FRIEND AND TEACHER,

FRANK HAMILTON HANKINS


PREFACE


Scientific discovery, especially in biology, during the past two decadeshas made necessary an entire restatement of the sociological problem ofsex. Ward's so-called "gynæcocentric" theory, as sketched in Chapter 14of his Pure Sociology, has been almost a bible on the sex problem tosociologists, in spite of the fact that modern laboratoryexperimentation has disproved it in almost every detail. While acomparatively small number of people read this theory from the originalsource, it is still being scattered far and wide in the form ofquotations, paraphrases, and interpretations by more popular writers. Itis therefore necessary to gather together the biological data which areavailable from technical experimentation and medical research, in orderthat its social implications may be utilized to show the obsoleteness ofthis older and unscientific statement of the sex problem in society.

In order to have a thoroughly comprehensive survey of the institutionsconnected with sexual relationships and the family and their entiresignificance for human life, it is also necessary to approach them fromthe ethnological and psychological points of view. The influence of theprimitive sex taboos on the evolution of the social mores and familylife has received too little attention in the whole literature of sexualethics and the sociology of sex. That these old customs have had aninestimable influence upon the members of the group, modern psychologyhas recently come to recognize. It therefore seems advantageous toinclude these psychological findings in the same book with thediscussion of the sex taboos and other material with which it must solargely deal.

These fields—biology, ethnology, and psychology—are so complicated andso far apart technically, although their social implications are soclosely interwoven, that it has seemed best to divide the treatmentbetween three different writers, each of whom has devoted much study tohis special phase of the subject. This leads to a very simplearrangement of the material. The first part deals with the physical orbiological basis of the sex problem, which all societies from the mostprimitive to the most advanced have had and still have to build upon.The second part deals with the various ideas man has dev

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