THRONE-MAKERS


Cover

Books by William Roscoe Thayer

THE DAWN OF ITALIAN INDEPENDENCE: Italy from the Congress ofVienna, 1814, to the Fall of Venice, 1849. In the series onContinental History. With maps. 2 vols. crown 8vo, $4.00.

THRONE-MAKERS. Papers on Bismarck, Napoleon III., Kossuth,Garibaldi, etc. 12mo, $1.50.

POEMS, NEW AND OLD. 16mo, $1.00.

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.

Boston and New York.


Title page

THRONE-MAKERS

BY
WILLIAM ROSCOE THAYER

BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
The Riverside Press, Cambridge
1899


COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY WILLIAM ROSCOE THAYER

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED


TO
DR. MORRIS LONGSTRETH
IN MEDICINE, ORIGINAL AND WISE
IN FRIENDSHIP, STEADFAST


PREFACE

Since 1789 every European people has been busy making a throne, or seatof government and authority, from which its ruler might preside. Thesethrones have been of many patterns, to correspond to the diversity intastes of races, parties, and times. Often, the business of destroyingseems to have left no leisure for building. In England alone have menlearned how to remodel a throne without disturbing its occupant; as wein America raise or move large houses without interrupting the dailylife of the families who dwell in them.

To portray the personality of some of the conspicuous Throne-Makersof the century is the purpose of the following studies. I have wishedto show just enough of the condition of the countries under review toenable the reader to understand what Bismarck, or Napoleon III, orKossuth, or Garibaldi, achieved. I have been brief, and yet I trustthat this method has afforded scope for exhibiting that influence ofthe individual on the multitude which—however our partial science maytry to belittle it—was never more strikingly illustrated than by suchcareers as these in our own time.

The group of Portraits which follow require no special introduction.In the “Tintoret” and “Giordano Bruno” I have brought together ascompactly as possible, for the convenience of English readers, whatlittle is known about these two men. Berti’s work on Bruno, from whichI have drawn largely, deserves a wider recognition than it has receivedoutside of Italy; whoever reads it will regret that that eminentscholar was prevented from completing his volume on Bruno’s philosophy.The sketch of Bryant was written in 1894, that of Carlyle in 1895, onthe occasion of their centenaries.

My thanks are due to the proprietors of The Atlantic Mon

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