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FRENCH AND GERMAN
SOCIALISM IN MODERN TIMES

BY
RICHARD T. ELY, Ph.D., LL.D.

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY AND DIRECTOR OF THE SCHOOL
OF ECONOMICS, POLITICAL SCIENCE, AND HISTORY
IN THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

NEW YORK AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1900

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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, by
HARPER & BROTHERS,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

All rights reserved.

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PREFATORY NOTE.

The publication of this volume is due to thefriendly counsel of the Hon. Andrew D. White,president of Cornell University; a gentleman tirelessin his efforts to encourage young men, and aliveto every opportunity to speak fitting words of hopeand cheer. Like many of the younger scholars ofour country, I am indebted to him more than I cansay.

The present work is based on lectures deliveredin Baltimore before the students of the Johns HopkinsUniversity, and in Ithaca before the studentsof Cornell University. Although these lectures havebeen thoroughly revised and, in fact, rewritten, tracesof this origin will be found in a certain freedom ofstyle and matter, which will, I trust, render the bookneither less interesting nor less instructive.

My aim is to give a perfectly fair, impartial presentationof modern communism and socialism intheir two strongholds, France and Germany. I believethat, in so doing, I am rendering a service tothe friends of law and order.

Richard T. Ely.

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, August 3, 1883.

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CONTENTS.