Tell El Amarna and the Bible

BAKER STUDIES IN BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

TELL EL AMARNA
AND
THE BIBLE

by
Charles F. Pfeiffer

BAKER BOOK HOUSE
Grand Rapids, Michigan

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-20014

Copyright, 1963, by
Baker Book House Company

ISBN: 0-8010-7002-3

Fourth printing, April 1980

PHOTOLITHOPRINTED BY CUSHING-MALLOY, INC.
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
1980

CONTENTS

I. Discoveries at Amarna 9
II. The Restless Pharaoh 16
III. The Horizon of Aton 26
IV. Atonism 31
V. The Hymn to the Aton 38
VI. The Affairs of Empire 44
VII. Trade and Commerce During the Amarna Age 55
VIII. The Art of Amarna 58
IX. The End of an Era 62
X. Amarna and the Bible 67

Illustrations

Map of Ancient Egypt 8
Amarna Tablets 11
Courtesy, British Museum
Map of Akhetaton, the City of Akhenaton 15
Commemorative Scarab of Amenhotep III 18
Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1935
Amenhotep III 18
Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Akhenaton and Nofretete 21
Courtesy, The Brooklyn Museum
Seated Figure of Akhenaton 22
Courtesy, the Louvre
Seated Figure of Akhenaton (detail) 22
Courtesy, The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
A Princess at Akhetaton 24
Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Princess Manyet-aton 24
Courtesy, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Theodore M. Davies, 1907
King Tutankhamon 25
Courtesy, The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
The Estate of a Nobleman 29
Courtesy, The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago
Hapi, God of the Nile 32
Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
...

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