UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Stewart R. Udall

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
George B. Hartzog, Jr.

NATURAL HISTORY HANDBOOK NUMBER ONE

This publication is one of a series of handbooks explainingthe natural history of scenic and scientific areas in theNational Park System. It is printed by the GovernmentPrinting Office and may be purchased from the Superintendentof Documents, Washington, D.C., 20402. Price 30cents.

Administration

Olympic National Park, established on June 29, 1938, and containingabout 1,400 square miles, is administered by the National ParkService, U.S. Department of the Interior.

The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicatedto conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the UnitedStates for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.

A superintendent, whose address is 600 East Park Avenue, PortAngeles, Wash., 98362, is in immediate charge of the park.

America’s Natural Resources

Created in 1849, the Department of the Interior—America’s Departmentof Natural Resources—is concerned with the management, conservation,and development of the Nation’s water, wildlife, mineral,forest, and park and recreational resources. It also has majorresponsibilities for Indian and territorial affairs.

As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Departmentworks to assure that nonrenewable resources are developed and usedwisely, that park and recreational resources are conserved, and thatrenewable resources make their full contribution to the progress,prosperity, and security of the United States—now and in the future.

Contents

PAGE

THE MOUNTAINS ARE FORMED 2

GLACIATION 5

THE SHAPE OF THE LAND TODAY 5

GLACIERS TODAY 6

CLIMATE AND THE WATER CYCLE 9

THE FORESTS AND WILDFLOWERS 11

Rain Forest 13

Mountain Vegetation 16

HOW TO IDENTIFY SOME COMMON PLANTS 23

Trees 23

Shrubs 27

Nonwoody Plants 28

WILDLIFE 35

You and the Animals 36

Seeing the Mammals 37

Birds

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