[p. iii]
HISTORY OF GREECE.
BY
GEORGE GROTE, Esq.
VOL. III.
REPRINTED FROM THE SECOND LONDON EDITION.
NEW YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS
329 AND 331 PEARL STREET
[p. v]
CONTENTS.
VOL. III.
PART II.
CONTINUATION OF HISTORICAL GREECE.
CHAPTER IX.
CORINTH, SIKYON, AND MEGARA. — AGE OF THE GRECIANDESPOTS.
Early commerce and enterprise of the Corinthians. —Oligarchy of the Bacchiadæ. — Early condition of Megara. — Earlycondition of Sikyôn. — Rise of the despots. — Earliest changes ofgovernment in Greece. — Peculiarity of Sparta. — Discontinuance ofkingship in Greece generally. — Comparison with the Middle Agesof Europe. — Anti-monarchical sentiment of Greece — Mr. Mitford.— Causes which led to the growth of that sentiment. — Change tooligarchical government. — Such change indicates an advance in theGreek mind. — Dissatisfaction with the oligarchies — modes by whichthe despots acquired power. — Examples. — Tendency towards a betterorganized citizenship. — Character and working of the despots. — Thedemagogue-despot of the earlier times compared with the demagogueof later times. — Contrast between the despot and the early heroicking. — Position of the despot. — Good government impossible to him.— Conflict between oligarchy and despotism preceded that betweenoligarchy and democracy. — Early oligarchies included a multiplicityof different sections and associations. — Government of the Geomori— a close order of present or past proprietors. — Classes of thepeople. — Military force of the early oligarchies consisted ofcavalry. — Rise of the heavy-armed infantry and of the free militarymarine — both unfavorable to oligarchy. — Dorian states — Dorianand non-Dorian inhabitants. — Dynasty of despots at Sikyôn — theOrthagoridæ. — Violent proceedings of Kleisthenês. — Classes of theSikyonian population. — Fall of the Orthagoridæ — state of Sikyônafter it. — The Sikyonian despots not put down by Sparta. — Despotsat Corinth — Kypselus. — Periander. — Great power of Corinth underPeriander. — Fall of the Kypselid dynasty. — Megara — Theagenês thedespot. — Disturbed government at Megara — The poet Theognis. —Analogy of Corinth, Sikyôn, and Megara.
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[p.vi]CHAPTER X.
IONIC PORTION OF HELLAS. — ATHENS BEFORE SOLON.
History of Athens before Drako — only a list ofnames. — No king after Kodrus. — Life archons. — Decennial archons.— Annual archons, nine in number. — Archonship of Kreôn. B. C.683 — commencement of Attic chronology. — Obscurity ofthe civil condition of Attica before Solon. — Alleged duodecimaldivision of Attica in early times. — Four I