E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Jayam,
and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team



FRONTISPIECE: GUISEPPE GARIBALDI
GIUSEPPEGARIBALDI




THE LIBERATION OF ITALY





1815-1870

BY THE

COUNTESS EVELYN MARTINENGO CESARESCO





AUTHOR OF 'ITALIAN CHARACTERS IN THE EPOCH OF UNIFICATION'
(Patriotti Italiani), ETC.





WITH PORTRAITS





LONDON
SEELEY AND CO, LIMITED
ESSEX STREET, STRAND

1895





PREFACE

The old figure of speech 'in the fulness of time' embodies a truth toooften forgotten. History knows nothing of spontaneous generation; thechain of cause and effect is unbroken, and however modest be the scale onwhich an historical work is cast, the reader has a right to ask that itshould give him some idea, not only of what happened, but of why ithappened. A catalogue of dates and names is as meaningless as thephotograph of a crowd. In the following retrospect, I have attempted totrace the principal factors that worked towards Italian unity. TheLiberation of Italy is a cycle waiting to be turned into an epic.

In other words, it presents the appearance of a series of detachedepisodes, but the parts have an intimate connection with the whole, which,as time wears on, will constantly emerge into plainer light. Every yearbrings with it the

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